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Question

Which of the following are mixed oxides:

A
Spinels
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B
Ilmenite
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C
None of the above
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D
Pervoskite
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Solution

The correct option is D Pervoskite
Three important mixed oxide structures exist: spinel, perovskite, and ilmenite.

Spinel: The spinels have the general formula AB2O4. Generally, A is a divalent ion, A2+, and B is trivalent, B3+. The structure can be described as being based on a cubic close-packed array of oxide ions, with A2+ ions occupying tetrahedral holes and B3+ ions occupying octahedral holes. A spinel crystal containing nAB2O4 formula units has 8n tetrahedral holes and 4n octahedral holes; accordingly, one-eighth of the tetrahedral holes are occupied by A2+ ions and one-half of the octahedral holes by the B3+ ions.

Pervoskite: This structure is named after the mineral CaTiO3. A unit cell is shown. This unit cell is known as the A-type because if we take the general formula ABX3 for the perovskites, then the A atom is at the centre in this cell. The central Ca (A) atom is coordinated to 8 Ti atoms (B) at the corners and to 12 oxygens (X) at the midpoints of the cell edges. The structure can be usefully described in other ways. First, it can be described as a ccp array of A and X atoms with the B atoms occupying the octahedral holes. Second, perovskite has the same octahedral framework as ReO3 based on BX6 octahedral with an A atom added in at the centre of the cell. Compounds adopting this structure include SrTiO3, SrZrO3, SrHfO3, SrSnO3, and BaSnO3. The structures of the high temperature superconductors are based on this structure.


The Ilmenite Structure:
The ilmenite structure is adopted by oxides of formula ABO3 when A and B are similar in size and their total charge adds up to +6. The structure is named after the mineral of FeIITiIVO3, an hcp array of oxygens, but now two different cations are present occupying two-thirds of the octahedral holes.

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