Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by a nondisjunction of chromosomes during meiosis?

The correct option is E Klinefelter Syndrome

A. Huntington disease is an autosomal dominant disorder due to an allele on short arm of chromosome 4. It produces an inhibitor of brain cell metabolism. The characteristics of this disease may start at the age of 15-40 year but can also occur in still older persons. There is atrophy in the parts of brain resulting in respiratory irregularity, irregular arrhythmic movement of limbs.

B. Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs by the union of an XX egg and a normal Y sperm or normal X egg and abnormal XY sperm. The individual has 47 chromosomes (44 + XXY). Males are tall with long legs, some with gynecomastia, small testes, infertile, increased excretion of gonadotropin, sparse body hair and long limbs with some female characteristics. The extra chromosome in one of the two gametes is due to non disjunction during meiosis due to which two homologous chromosomes fail to separate and thus, the two chromosomes remain together in the same gamete.

C. Hemophilia is a X-linked recessive disorder. Hemophilia is not found in females because it is a recessive disorder and the homozygous condition is lethal.

D. Colourblindness is a X-linked recessive disorder. It was detected by Wilson in 1911. Within the colour blindness, it is the red-green colour blindness which shows its common occurrence.

E. Tay-Sachs disease occurs due to accumulation of a fatty substance, sphingolipid, in nerve cells. The homozygous children show degeneration of central nervous system. This is caused by the enzyme hexosaminidase which in normal individuals exist in two forms A and B. In this disease, only the A form is present and the B form is absent.

Hence the genetic disorder caused by a nondisjunction of chromosomes during meiosis is Klinefelter Syndrome. So, the correct answer is 'Klinefelter Syndrome'.