Which of the following is hereditary diseases

The correct option is A

Sickle cell anemia

The correct option is A:
Explanation of the correct option:

1. Hereditary diseases are those kinds of diseases that can be passed on from one generation to another.
2. Sickle cell anemia is one such disease in which the red blood cells change their original shape and look like sickles that are used for cutting crops.
3. Because of this slimmer and narrower shape, the oxygen-carrying capacity reduces, and thus, the body weakens.
4. Symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, etc.

Explanation of the incorrect option:

Option B:

1. Anemia is a disease in which the person loses healthy red blood cells and that lacks sufficient RBCs to carry oxygen.
2. It happens due to reduced iron content in the blood.
3. The symptoms include tiredness, pale skin, dizziness, etc.

Option C:

1. Goiter is caused due to the lack of iodine in the diet.
2. The thyroid present in our throat swells up.
3. Goiter is more common in people living in hilly or inland regions, where iodine is lacking in water and vegetables grown in those areas.

Option D:

1. Tuberculosis is a severe lung disease that is caused due to a bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
2. It is highly infectious as it can spread to healthy people via droplet infection.
3. Symptoms can include blood cough, breathing difficulty and fever, etc.

Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder.