Write briefly the symptoms and causes of [4 MARKS]
(a) Exophthalmic goitre
(b) Diabetes mellitus

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Solution

Each Part: 2 Marks

(a) Exophthalmic goitre
Symptoms - The metabolic rate becomes abnormally high with effects such as increased pulse, high blood pressure, high body temperature, flushed skin, tremor, sweating and heat tolerance.
Cause - Oversecretion of thyroxine hormone.

(b) Diabetes mellitus
Symptoms - Presence of glucose in urine.
Cause - Undersecretion of insulin hormone.

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Write briefly about
(i) Exophthalmic goitre (symptoms and cause).
(ii) Diabetes mellitus (symptoms and cause).

\begin{matrix} A (C o n d i t i o n) & B (C a u s e) (a) & D w a r f i s m a n d m e n t a l r e t a r d a t i o n & (i) & H i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f g l u c o s e i n b l o o d (b) & D i a b e t e s m e l l i t u s & (i i) & O v e r s e c r e t i o n o f g r o w t h h o r m o n e (c) & E x c e s s o f i n s u l i n i n b l o o d & (i i i) & I n s u l i n s h o c k (d) & G i g a n t i s m & (i v) & O v e r s e c r e t i o n o f t h y r o x i n e (e) & E n l a r g e m e n t o f b r e a s t s i n a d u l t m a l e s & (v) & H y p o t h y r o i d i s m (f) & E x o p h t h a l m i c g o i t r e & (v i) & O v e r s e c r e t i o n o f c o r t i c a l h o r m o n e s \end{matrix}

Match the conditions in column A with the cause in column B

A (Condition) B (Cause)

(a) Dwarfism and mental retardation (i) Excess of glucose in blood.

(b) Diabetes mellitus (ii) Over secretion of growth hormone.

(c) Shortage of glucose in blood (iii) Insulin shock.

(d) Gigantism (iv) Over secretion of thyroxine.

(e) Enlargement of breasts in adult males (v) Hypothyroidism in a child.

(f) Exophthalmic goiter (vi) Over secretion of cortical hormones.

Which of these symptoms would be common among individuals suffering from diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus?

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