You are provided with a mixture containing sand, iron fillings, and ammonium chloride. Describe the procedure you would use to separate these constituents from the mixture.

Answer:

The separation of the mixture of Ammonium chloride $\left({\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}\right)$ and sand and iron fillings:

Step 1: Separation of the iron fillings from the mixture.

• The magnetic separation will be the best way to separate the mixture of sand, Ammonium chloride, and iron fillings.
• When we take a magnet near the mixture of iron filling sand and Ammonium chloride, the iron will be attracted by the magnet, and sand with ammonium chloride will be left in the container.

Step 2: Separation of the Ammonium chloride from the sand.

Sublimation:

• In this process a sublimate substance changes its state from solid to gas directly without passing through a liquid state on heating.
• In this mixture of Ammonium chloride and sand, Ammonium chloride is a sublimate so it gets changed into vapor and can be separated in another container.
• Sand will be left behind in the container.
• After cooling the vapor of Ammonium chloride, we get it in its original solid state.
• Sand will be left behind in the container.

Conclusion:
Therefore, A mixture containing sand iron fillings and ammonium chloride can be separated by magnetic separation followed by a sublimation process.